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Objective:To compare the efficacy of modified "double flaps" pyeloplasty and traditional dismembered pyeloplasty in the treatment of special types of hydronephrosis with small pelvis and long proximal ureteral stricture in children.Methods:The data of 39 children with special types of hydronephrosis treated in Seventh Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA from June 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 33 were boys and 6 were girls. The median age of the patients was 12.0(4.5, 63.5) months. Nine of them had left hydronephrosis and four children had right hydronephrosis. These patients with small pelvis existed the characteristics that the anteroposterior diameter of pelvis was smaller than 2.5 cm and these patients existed the symptom of hematuria, flank pain or recurrent urinary tract infection with the imaging revealing ureteral obstruction. The length of proximal ureteral stenosis ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 cm. Among 39 cases, 19 cases were operated with modified "double flaps" pyeloplasty, which was the modified "double flaps" pyeloplasty group. 20 cases were operated with traditional Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty, which was traditional pyeloplasty group. The technique of modified "double flaps" pyeloplasty mainly included that the renal pelvis was cut into double flaps, the inferior flap was anastomosed with the spatulated ureter and the superior was covered, so that the length and caliber of the ureter were partial extended. The median age of two groups were 12.0 (6.0, 44.0) months and 12.0 (4.8, 62.8) months respectively, the anterior and posterior diameter of renal pelvis were (2.8±0.8)cm and (2.6±0.6)cm respectively, and split renal function were (36.7±5.1)% and (36.0±6.8)% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in above parameters between the two groups( P>0.05). The clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared by collecting and comparing the operation related data and postoperative follow-up data. Results:The operation of 39 children in this study was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The operation time of "double flap" pyeloplasty group and traditional pyeloplasty group were (142.6±9.6) min and (124.5±8.6) min respectively, and the intraoperative anastomosis time were (56.1±7.2) min and (47.6±4.8) min respectively. There were significant difference in operation time and intraoperative anastomosis time between the two groups( P<0.05). Thirty-nine children were followed up normally without loss. The mean follow-up time was (27.7±2.5) months after surgery. In the "double flaps" pyeloplasty group, 2 cases suffered with fever who were diagnosed as urinary tract infection and improved after antibiotic treatment. In the traditional pyeloplasty group, 2 cases suffered with fever who were diagnosed as urinary tract infection and improved after antibiotic treatment. Two children had flank pain during follow-up to more than one year and the examination revealed that the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis gradually increased. So surgery were performed again and the two children recovered. There were no significant differences in complication rate (2/19 and 4/20) and short-term surgical success rate(19/19 and 18/20) between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The operation time and anastomosis time of the modified "double flap" technique for treating hydronephrosis are longer than those of the traditional method. But in the treatment of special types of hydronephrosis with small renal pelvis or long proximal ureteral stricture, it may have application prospects in reducing complications.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children.@*METHODS@#From January to December 2020, we treated 116 children with distal hypospadias in the Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics and the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, 58 by primary Snodgrass urethroplasty only (the control group) and the other 58 with Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel smeared on the penis postoperatively in addition (the trial group). We compared the operation time and postoperative pain score, edema regression and incidence of infection between the two groups, followed by statistical analysis using T test and Chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were successfully completed by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences between the trial and control groups in age (［2.5 ± 0.8］ vs ［2.4 ± 0.6］ yr, P > 0.05) or operation time (［95.6 ± 14.5］ vs ［97.1 ± 15.2］ min, P > 0.05). No incision infection occurred in any of the cases. The pain scores at dressing removal were remarkably lower in the trial than in the control group at 2 hours (1.4 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 1.3, P < 0.05), 24 hours (2.2 ± 1.3 vs 3.9 ± 1.6, P < 0.05), 48 hours (1.2 ± 0.7 vs 1.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). Significantly more cases of edema regression were achieved in the trial than in the control group at 2 weeks postoperatively (35 vs 19, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel can effectively relieve pain, reduce edema and accelerate edema regression after surgery in children with hypospadias, and therefore deserves wide clinical application.、.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Chamomile , Hypospadias/surgery , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Postoperative PeriodABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor ( HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2), and microvessel density ( MVD) in adrenocortical adenoma ( ACA) and adrenocortical carcinoma ( ACC), in order to discuss their potential role in the development of adrenal tumours. Methods Fifty-five adrenal tumour specimens resected in the hospital with complete clinical data (including 30 ACA cases and 25 ACC cases) were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expressions of HIF-2α, HIF-1α, VEGFR 2, and MVD. Results VEGFR 2 and MVD up-regulated were found in the ACC group (P＜0.05). The expression of HIF-2α and HIF-1α correlated with VEGFR 2 (P＜0.05). The expressions of VEGFR 2 and MVD were related to some clinicopathological features ( P＜0. 05 ). Additionally, tumour size, expression of VEGFR 2 and MVD were independently associated with ACC (P＜0.05). Conclusions The high expression of HIF-2α, VEGFR 2, and MVD in adrenal tumours suggested their roles in tumour angiogenesis, which indicated that anti-angiogenesis therapies deserve intensive studies for malignant adrenocortical tumours.
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Purpose To explore the β-catenin role in the process of invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer.Methods Transfection-effective β-catenin gene segments of siRNA interference in human esophageal Eca-109 cells was used to downregulate β-catenin expression:CCK-8 multiplication experiment was carried out to observe the esophageal cancer cell proliferation.Transwell chambers experiment was used to observe its invasion,migration ability.Western blot was used to detect the expression of WISP2 and TCF4,E-cadherin protein.Results CCK-8 multiplication experiment showed that in the interference group (the efficient transfection of β-catenin down-regulation group by siRNA) cell proliferation ability significantly decreased as compared with the blank control group (the untreated group)and the negative control group (the transfection group meaningless fragments) (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the blank and negative control groups (P ＞0.05).The invasion and migration ability of the interference group was lower than that in the blank control group and the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05) by the transwell chambers experiment.Western blot showed that the protein lever of WISP2 and E-cadherin in interference group was higher than those in the blank control group and the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05).TCF4 protein expression in the interference group was lower than that of the blank control group and the negative control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the β-catenin expression is down-regulated,Wnt signaling pathway-related factors are significantly changed.It can be speculated that the silencing of β-catenin in Wnt signaling pathway may hinder the esophageal cancer cell proliferation by up-regulating E-cadherin expression to obstruct epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.Invasion and metastasis of the tumor are also inhibited by reducing TCF4 expression and promoting WISP2 downstream target genes expression.Therefore,β-catenin gene is expected to be a target for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Design a convenient and stable eye refractometer based on the theory of blur circle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyze the retinal blur circle in both Emsly reduced eye model and Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model by ZEMAX. Design the coefficients including PD (pupil diameter) and NO' (length between node point and fovea) with the purpose of improving the accuracy. At last, compare the clinical optometry data from this refractor with the data obtained from optometry hospital in Wenzhou.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The blur circle diameters are nearly the same in both reduced eye model and the Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model. With the PD = 4 mm and NO' = 20 mm, the refractor shows a fine accuracy in optometry. The paired t test shows that the myopia group and the astigmatism axial direction group have no statistical difference between the data from the blur circle refractor and the hospital (P > 0.05), while the astigmatism degree group has the result of P = 0.41 which may be caused by the poor cooperation of pediatric patients. 80% of the astigmatism degree data differ from the data from the hospital in less than 0.75D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blur circle refractor, with the features of convenience and fine accuracy, is promised to be a new style of refractometer in the future.</p>